Unix Operating system

Dear friends, This is very common in technical world that first operating system is Unix, But all derivative are questionable to everyone. So in this blog I'm just giving my knowledge about unix and it's derivative in brief which is collected by me from several places. Unix and its derivatives :-> A long time ago, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AT&T Bell Labs, and General Electric were developing an experimental time-sharing operating system called Multics for the GE-645 mainframe. This operating systems were complex and unwieldy.   One day in the late 1960s, Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and a few of their colleagues at AT&T Bell Labs decided to write a simpler version of Multics to run games on their PDP-7, and thus Unix was born. AT&T held the rights to the code, and licenses were expensive. Many other companies sublicensed Unix and sold their own version. Major players included DEC, HP, IBM, Sun. Unix variants added their own extensions, often nicking ideas from each other and from academia. Meanwhile, in Berkeley, a number of academics were unhappy with the licensing situation and decided to create a version of Unix that didn't include any AT&T-licensed code. Thus in the early 1980s the Berkeley Software Distribution, or BSD, became a free variant of Unix. BSD first ran on Minicomputers such as PDP-11 and VAXen. Meanwhile, on the East coast, Richard Stallman threw a fit when he couldn't get the source code to his printer driver. He founded the GNU (GNU's not Unix) project in 1983 intending to make a free Unix-like operating system, only better. After a little hesitation, the kernel of this operating system was chosen to be Hurd, which is going to be usable any decade now. Many components of the GNU project are included in all current free unices, in particular the compiler GCC. Meanwhile, in Finland, Linus Torvalds went on a hacking binge in summer 1991. When he woke up, he realized that he'd written an operating system for his PC, and he decided to share it by putting it on an FTP server in a directory called linux. The success exceeded his expectations. Many people created software distributions including the Linux kernel, many GNU programs, the X Window System, and other free software. These distributions (Slackware, Debian, Red Hat, SUSE, Gentoo, Ubuntu, etc.) are what people generally refer to when they say “Linux”. Most Linux distributions consist mostly of free-as-in-speech software, though software that is merely free-as-in-beer is often included when no free equivalent exists. Other currently existing unices include the various forks of BSD (you get a choice of FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD, all being free, open and developed through the 'net), as well as a disminishing number of commercial variants targeted towards servers: and AIX, HP-UX, Solaris, and a few very minor contenders. Another proprietary unix-based operating system is Mac OS X running on Apple desktops, laptops and PDAs. In Future, we may see many more derivatives of this, that means this list will always get increase. If you enjoyed this post, I’d be very grateful if you’d help it spread by emailing it to a friend, or sharing it on Twitter or Facebook. Thank you! —Pradeep Gupta